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2019年高级软考信息系统项目管理师模拟练习题之专业英语练习
Developing reliable software on time and within (1) represents a difficult endeavor for many organizations.
Usually business solutions have three main aspects:people, (2) , and technology. The main reason for failing software projects has little to do with technology and tools, and much to do with lack of process (3) . Experience has shown that introducing new technology and tools in an immature or undisciplined environment is likely to increase the chaos. CASE tools are not enough. "A fool with a tool is still a fool?"
Structured method was the first wave of the software industry. This was the beginning of transforming software development from a" (4) industry' to mass production. Software process movement if the second wave in the software industry. The process maturity movement prepares the way for the third wave of the software industry: "software industrialization". Software development will become like an assembly and manufacturing process. A critical enabling factor is a disciplined software engineering process with predictable quality, (5) and functionality.
(1) A. forecast B. preparation C. budget D. economy
(2) A. process B. skill C. organization D. interface
(3) A. law B. discipline C. plan D. evaluation
(4) A. college B. family C. workshop D. cottage
(5) A. plan B. schedule C. effort D. product
答案
(1)C (2)A (3)B (4)D (5)B
[分析]
对很多组织来说，在给定的时间和预算范围内开发可靠的软件，意味着艰难的努力。
业务解决方案通常有三个方面，分别是人员、过程和技术，软件项目失败的主要原因与技术和工具几乎没有关系，大部分是因为缺乏过程定义。经验表明，在一个不成熟或者没有定义的环境引进新技术和工具，只能是乱上加乱。CASE工具并不意味着一切，正如：“A fool with a tool is till a fool!”。
结构化方法掀起了软件产业的第一次浪潮，是从作坊式工业(Cottage Industry，家庭手工业)到大规模生产的转变的开端。软件过程改进是软件产业的第二次浪潮，且过程成熟，为软件产业的第三次浪潮(软件工业化)铺平了道路。软件开发将如装配和制造过程一般，而要做到这一点，一个重要的因素就是需要一个具有可预测的质量、进度和功能的已定义的软件工程过程。
Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an (6) technique that allows an organization to determine the actual (7) associated with each product and service produced by the organization without regard to the organizational structure. This chapter explains some of the uses and benefits of Activity Based Costing. We use IDEFO (8) modeling in conjunction with ABC to enable more effective business (9) design decisions.
In order to achieve the major goals of business process improvement, process simplification and improvement, FAA managers need to fully understand the cost, time, and quality of activities performed by employees or machines throughout an entire organization. ABC methods enable (10) to cost out measurements to business simplification and process improvement.
(6) A. computing B. campaigning C. programming D. accounting
(7) A. activity B. quality C. cost D. process
(8) A. activity B. flowchart C. design D. management
(9) A. data B. benefit C. process D. image
(10) A. computers B. managers C. clients D. consumers
答案
(6)D (7)C (8)A (9C (10)B
[分析]
基于活动成本法(Activity Based Costing, ABC)是一门会计技术，可以使组织决定由该组织提供的，与每个产品和服务有联系的实际成本，而无需考虑组织结构。本章说明了ABC法的一些使用方法和使用ABC的好处。我们使用IDEFO活动建模，与 ABC一起，使业务过程设计决策更有效。
为了达到业务流程改进、过程简化和改进的主要目的，FAA经理们需要充分理解那些由员工或机器执行的、贯穿整个组织的活动的成本、时间和质量。ABC法能使经理们估算出度量业务简化和过程改进的成本。
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