翻译资格实战练习：长难句翻译50句

第一组：

1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

美国的经济基本是以私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济下，消费者在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费，在很大程度上决定了什么应该被制造出来。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求、商人试图最大化其利润的欲望、个人想最大化其收入效用，这三种欲望相结合，决定了什么应该被制造出来，也决定了如何用资源来制造它们。

3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.

另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能的供给，这样反过来又降低了价格，让更多的消费者购买产品。

4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如制定一个产品价格的权利、与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。

5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.

同时这些计算机记录下哪些时段是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且计算机也能找到促销活动的对象顾客。

6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，不计其数的其他商业企业，都通过使用计算机给消费者带来更好、更高效的服务。

7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.

残疾儿童在许多方面都与其同龄人十分不同。为了让这些孩子在成长过程中充分发展潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。

8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。

9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.

它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格迅速分销出去，这样(公司)可以建立稳固的国内市场，同时也使提供更具有竞争力出口价格变成可能。

10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

即使议会没有27条规范广告的法案，任何一个正式的广告商也都不敢推销一种无法兑现其在广告中承诺的商品。

第二组：

1. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.

一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构——包括教堂，倡导生命权利的团体和澳大利亚医学协会——都尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过过于匆忙。但是似乎大势已定，不可逆转了。

2. In Australia - where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part - other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

在澳大利亚，人口老龄化、延长寿命的技术、变化着的社会态度都在发挥作用。其他的州也会考虑制定类似的有关安乐死的法律。

3. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.

当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员、粗鲁的餐厅服务员、没有礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而这样的情况太多了，值得人们探讨这些问题。

4. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

我们生活在一种药品(药物)的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的社会里： 用一片阿司匹林止头痛，用葡萄酒来社交，早上喝咖啡提神，抽一支烟来定神。

5. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要想得到同样的效果所需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为停止用药后，出现令人不适的停药症状。

6. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?"

上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们："难道这就是你们想要成就的事业?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，但是难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁到我们的孩子们吗?"

7. "The test of any democratic society," he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..."

"对任何一个民主社会的考验，"他在《华尔街杂志》的一个专栏文章中写到，"不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是否能给予尽可能广泛的思想自由和表达自由，无论有时这种结果是多么容易引起争议，多么令人不快…"

8. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society’s ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.

在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说："音乐不是社会问题的根源"，他甚至还用他的儿子作为例子。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的教师，用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。

9. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.

有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如"触动经济刹车"以"操纵经济软着陆"，这样货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这样描述货币政策更远离事实的了。

10. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack.

经济学家们对英美两国良好的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，因为传统的计算方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国的经济，几乎没有生产淡季。

第三组：

1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

这样非个人的对资金和产业的巨大操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，这些资金代表着国民生计中以不负责任手段获取的财富。他们不但没有负起土地拥有者的责任，而且也几乎同样没有负起作为公司管理者的责任。

2. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇大批涌现，给大量"享受主义"阶级提供居住场所。这些人早年赚得了丰厚的收入，现在已经退休。他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社区的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。

3. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.

这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系产生的影响并不是积极的。

4. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.

公司花钱雇来的职业经理人与工人以及他们需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工人们的了解也往往并不是私人间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下，雇主们却往往和他们的工人之间有这样的私人关系。

5. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.

在许多形成因素当中，我将单独讨论我们国家优秀的小学教育，其他因素有：善于学习新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法;还有最重要的因素，是美国人对技术非言语的、发散的思维的天赋。

6. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist".

正如尤金·弗格森所指出的："技术老师考虑的是不能被简化成能用清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言的过程处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。"

7. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws,wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".

罗伯特·法欧特曾经这样写到："一个技师会沉浸在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、 轮子等等当中，如同一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，他们把这些字母看成自己思想的显现，每种新的安排都传达了一种新的思想。"

8. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.

在最后三章中，他将神造论者好好批判了一顿。他描述了他们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式不熟悉的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人瞠目结舌。

9. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

在这本好书的封面上，史蒂芬·杰伊·古尔德写道："这本书本身就代表理性。"而它确实是这样的——而且如果理性成为神造论/地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。

10. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.

经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区当局成为了世界上第一个允许医生给希望死去的绝症病人实施安乐死的立法当局。

第四组：

1. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

很不幸，这个令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构大幅变化，这让以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧经济模式成为了历史。

2. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河水不再泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥——这些换来的就是这么个病菌滋生的水库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。

3. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.

企业重组的新方法——所有那些重新规划、缩小规模的做法——只是经济的整体生产力做提高的一个方面。整体生产力还受许多其他因素的驱动，比如在设备和机械上的联合投资、新技术，以及在教育和培训上的投资。

4. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.

他的同事迈克尔·比尔说，有太多的公司已经用一种机械的方式实行公司内部的重新规划，在没有充分考虑长期赢利的能力下削减了成本。

5. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from S.cience and Reason" , held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.

支持科学的一方在会议上也表述了他们的关注，比如1995年在纽约市举行的"逃离科学与理性"会议，以及去年6月在布法罗附近召开的"(错误) 信息时代的科学"会议。

6. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

一项关于1996年新闻报道的调查显示，许多其他团体也贴上了反科学的标签，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到鼓吹削减基础研究经费的共和党人都被贴上了反科学的标签。

7. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗·厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些对全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出置疑的人。

8. This development -- and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting.

南部的这种发展——以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强大的影响一一使得南部首次在全国人口普查中成为美国人口最密集的地区。

9. Often they choose--and still are choosing--somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.

他们往往选择——现在依然选择——居住在那些气候较为寒冷的地区， 比如俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的是逃避烟雾、犯罪， 以及"金州"(加利福尼亚)城市化进程中的其他问题。

10. As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970's, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960's growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.

结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18.5%——稍高于60年代增长率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。

第五组：

1. Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.

跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们(热点)并不总是在构成地球表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现;相反，它们中有许多位于一个板块纵深的内部。

2. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth’s interior.

这些大陆板块的相对运动原因已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板块的相对运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部的运动。

3. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures(cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.

火山穹丘不断扩大，裂缝也开始产生。至少在一些例子中，整个大洲的分离都是从这些裂缝开始的，这样热点就导致了新大洋的形成。

4. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.

尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对药物相互作用的危险提出的警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们)并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。

5. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines fortort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

与此同时，美国法律研究所——由一群法官、律师和学者组成，他们建议的影响举足轻重——发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意可能会出现的危险。

6. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.

但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，公司可以直接将信息"推"给顾客，把营销讯息直接传给目标顾客。

7. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.

像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon.com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、热情服务和安全性合理结合，销售适合商品的网站是可以吸引网上客户注意的。

8. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.

有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，有些人为教育的彻底改革中更为宽泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一道无形的界线。

9. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently access how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的观念，要认识到公民如果不能恰当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响，那么他就不能称得上是一个完完全全的公民。

10. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.

另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多的国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的。

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