2020年新版剑桥KET基础语法8：Across, over or through?

Across

我们用across作介词(prep)和副词(adv)。

1. Across意为在某物的另一边，或从某物的一边到另一边

Across通常用来描述有边界和界限的事物，如城市、道路或河流:

We took a boat across the river. [介词]

Across the room, she could see some old friends. She got up and went to join them.[介词]

The road was so busy that we found it difficult to get across. [副词]

2. 我们也用across描述某物从一边伸展到另外一边

The beautiful old bridge across the river Arno in Florence.

She divided the page by drawing a red line across it. Then she cut it in two.

3. 我们使用across来强调某事在很多地方同时发生

She’s opened coffee shops across the city and they’re very successful.

Across the country, people are coming out to vote for a new president.

4. 当我们在描述长度或直径时，通常将across放在所测量的数字后面

The building is 157 meters long, 92 meters across(宽92米).

5. Across 与 from连用，用来指“相对的”或“在另一边的”事物

The pharmacy is across from the Town Hall.

Helen’s office is just across from mine.

Over

Over同样用作介词(prep)和副词(adv)。

1. Over用来描述一些处在较高位置的事物，有时也用来描述事物从一边移动到了另一边

From the castle tower, you can see over the whole city. [介词]

We toasted marshmallows over the fire. [介词]

Suddenly a plane flew over and dropped hundreds of leaflets. [副词]

2. Over作副词使用时，用法和across比较相似

We walked over to the shop. = We walked across to the shop(the shop is on the other side of the road)

I was going across to say hello when I realised that I couldn’t remember his name. = I was going over to say …

Through

1. through描述的则是在事物内部(in)移动

Across有表示从某物的一边移到另一边的意思，Through也有同样的表达，但是，across描述的是从事物的边界移动到另一个边界，而through描述的则是在事物内部(in)移动：

I love walking through the forest. (强调了“我”是在森林里面漫步)

When my dog runs through long grass, it’s difficult to find him. (强调了小狗是在草地里奔跑)

2. 当表示从开始到结束的一段时间时

美式英语通常使用through，而英式英语通常使用from…to/till :

The office is open Monday through Friday. (英式英语: from Monday to Friday)

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