预约成功
汉译英
中国会接受生态旅游吗?
玉石村位于中国西南云南省蓝坪自治乡内。这里的村民都是普米族，尽管许多当地人简称自己是“土著人”。
玉石人对自己的文化传统引以为豪，他们重视对当地环境的保护。这里百分之九十以上的面积为森林覆盖，当地居民深知如果他们与公路网联通，他们的森林就可能遭到砍伐，而他们脆弱的文化就可能会在强大的外界影响下受到威胁3。多年来，他们选择与世隔绝，希望建立起强大、健康的社区后再对外开放。
政府的支持对于建立强大的社区是至关重要的，然而玉石村一直没有政府工程和扶贫工作。一些村民曾试图建立一些可持续发展项目。，但都失败了。目前，最大的希望是农村信用合作社7的小额贷款项目。然而，农民们申请2000元(US $253)人民币的贷款，得提前扣除400元(US$ 51)的利息，而他们得到的只有1600元(US $202)。为了偿还贷款，他们就得每月付180元(US$ 23)，付12个月。村民们认为贷款对他们的创业于事无补。
一些村民认为种植收益可观的药草和长期小额贷款相结合是解决经济困难的途径。他们盘算着筹措40万元(US $50，602)资金将使村子在五年后在经济方面自给自足。但是或许还有另一条出路，即：生态旅游。
然而，村子并不具备游客期望的设施条件，如干净的盥洗室、洗衣设备与互联网。旅游老师曾考察过这里，对当地独特的文化和环境留下了深刻的印象。但是，如果玉石村想从生态旅游中获益，那么村子和村民们必须做出改变，来满足当今游客苛刻的标准。
旅游是一种可以增加原料附加值的科技，取一只普通的鸡，用当地的方法烹制，摆在饥饿的游客面前，就会看到其价值大幅上升。同样，玉石绵延的山脉，先前曾是运输和经济发展的障碍，如果村民们能够吸引来游客，就会价值连城。
在云南，有许多地方都在增加收入的同时，寻求保护环境和传统文化的途径，而这几乎总是意味着生态旅游是唯一的选择。但如果村子的条件得不到改善，许多游客就不会来，因为多数中国城市居民对乡村生活近乎恐惧。肮脏杂乱、蚊子肆虐、简陋的厕所以及不明的价格意味着许多理想的生态旅游区域无法吸引游客。
云南首家官方认可的有机农场"位于首府昆明远郊。几年来，农场一直处于亏损状态，因为消费者无法把他们的产品和那些使用化肥和栽培转基因作物农场的产品区分开来。同样，游客很少考虑他们目的地的质量，他们只想要交通便利、风景美丽的地方。对于许多人来说，旅游不过是观光而已，它并不能大幅度改善生活质量。
绝大多数中国人对观赏自然不感兴趣，更不要说花钱来观赏自然。有些人是迫于参加政府资助的研究，但当项目经费用完，很少人还会继续下去。享受未经开发的环境，对中国人来说并不是天经地义的事。我们喜欢看有关自然的画，而不是大自然本身，喜欢一尊木雕佛像，而不是走进树木生长的森林;让我们的孩子呆在教室里接受有关荒野的教育，而不是带他们去亲身体验自然。
游客的这种态度是中国生态旅游业发展异常缓慢的原因。消费者不愿过于接近自然，所以旅游业忽视了像玉石村这样的地区。由于很少中国人愿意欣赏玉石村的美，人们通常寄希望于出手阔绰的外国游客，但是这一希望也很渺茫。有鉴赏能力的外国游客人数也在下降，而只想放纵一下自己的游客却在增加。到国外学习、分享经历的游客正在被那些纵情消费、心胸狭窄的游客所取代。
游客青睐轻轻松松的假日，中国的生态旅游因此遭受重创。四川王朗自然保护区是大熊猫的庇护所。自1996年以来，北京大学教授、熊猫老师吕植一直在推动该地区的生态旅游。但是由于缺少吸引眼球的景色，要看到大熊猫必须呆在户外，使得王朗没能得到应有的游客。26云南大概也是同样的情况。
因此，在抱怨生态旅游运营者没能吸引游客的时候，我们也许应该花点时间想想游客本身，因为如果游客不愿成为生态旅游者，那么再多的精心筹划和良好意愿都是徒劳的。
词汇
1.普米族Pumi ethnic group
2.文化传统cultural traditions
3.公路网road network
4.与世隔绝的isolated
5.社区community
6.扶贫工作poverty alleviation work
7.提前扣除deducted in advance
8.药草medicinal crops
9.自给自足self-sustaining
10.苛刻的demanding standards
ll.原材料raw materials
12.转基因作物genetically-modified plants
13.政府资助的government-funded
14.天经地义地naturally
15.吸引眼球的dramatic
注释
1.此处“接受”意为“欣然接受”，包含对新事物、新观点等的渴望之情，可用embrace表示。再如：我们希望这些地区能够接受民主改革。We hope these regions will embrace democratic reforms.大多数西欧国家已经热情地接受了高速铁道网络的观念。Most West European countries have embraced the concept of high-speed rail networks with enthusiasm.
2。本句中“自治乡”可译作autonomous township，其它类似的表达还有“自治区”：autonomous region;“自治县”：autonomous county;“自治州”：autonomous prefecture。
3.本句中“在强大的外界影响下”，可译作：under the strain of powerful external influences，“受到威胁”译为threaten。
4.本句中包含两个动词词组，即“选择”、“希望”，但是他们并不表示同样性质的动作，在意义上有主次之分，“选择”一词在句中表示主要意义，译作谓语动词，“希望”则是“选择……”的目的，表示次要意义，所以应译作分词短语，表示目的状语。此外，本句中“……之后”，可用连词before来译。再如：几分钟之后，我们才意识到发生的一切。
It was several minutes before we realized what was happening.过一会儿，我们才能知道结果。It will be a while before we know the results.
5.“至关重要”一词可译作：vital。
6.“可持续发展”通常译为sustainable development。
7.“农村信用合作社”，可译作rural credit cooperative。
8.本句中“于事无补”，根据语境可译作of little use。
9.本句中“收益可观的”，可用英语的形容词profitable来译，它在不同的语境中表示不同的意义。试比较：
“非常有利可图的生意”：a highly profitable business;广告活动效果非常好：The advertising campaign proved very profitable.
10.本句中“解决”一词，可根据句子结构的需要，使用词类转换技巧，将动词转换为名词，译作the solution to problems为妥。再如：
政治解决北爱冲突：a political solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland;
妥善解决我们所有的问题：the perfect solution to all of our problems。
ll.本句中“筹措资金”可译作raise fund，再如：他们正在筹措资金来帮助那些需要的年轻人。They are raising funds to help needy youngsters. -场为筹集资金而举办的音乐会：a concert to raise money for charity.
12.“在经济方面”，根据句子结构的需要，可使用词类转换技巧，将汉语名词转为英语形容词。再如：在经济发达国家，女性结婚要晚一些。In economically advanced countries，
women marry later.从经济上讲，资本主义改变了社会。Economically，capitalism has
transformed societies.另外，本句中“自给自足”可译作self-sustaining。
13.本句中“另一条出路”可以译作an alternative，再如：
现行体制有没有一个可行的选择?Is there a viable alternative to the present system?我别无
选择，只能将他报送警方。I had no altemative but to report him to the police.
14.”独特的”，可以译作英语形容词unique，再如：
每个人的指纹是独特的。Each person's fngerprints are unique.
15.本句中“价值大幅上升”，可译作rocket，来增加语言的形象性。再如：利率大幅上升： Interest rates rocketed up.
16.本句的主要意义是，玉石绵延的山脉会价值连城，而不是曾被视为运输和经济发展的障碍。因此本句在翻译时，要根据英语句子结构，将主要意义用谓语动词表现出来，次要意义使用非限定性定语从句和状语从句，这样句子结构紧凑，符合英语的表达习惯。
17.“有机农场”通常译作organic farm。再如：有机食物/蔬菜/牛奶等：organic food/vegetables/milk etc.
18.本句中“亏损状态”，根据语境可以译作：make a loss。再如：这家公司去年亏损25万美元。The company made a loss of$250,000 last year.
19.“把……区别开来”，一词可译作differentiate from，再如：有时要把样品区分开来是很困难的。It's sometimes hard to differentiate one sample from another.男外本句中表达的比较概念是产品之间的差异，应注意介词from前后的对称性和代词those的使用，这样使语言结构更为紧凑。
20.本句中“绝大多数”，可以使用词组the vast majority of来翻译。再如：在绝大多数病例中，这种疾病是致命的。In the vast majority of cases the disease is fatal.
21.本句使用了三个并列结构，形成排比，很有气势，生动地表达了作者的情感，翻译成英语时可以使用英语的prefer to_ rather than的句型，保留原句的并列结构。另外，本句中“亲身体验”指亲自学习到或得到的体验，因而可译作experience it first-hand。再如：在战区工作有亲身体验的记者们。Journalists with first-hand experience of working in war zones.
22.“……的原因”，表达了变化、事件、问题的原因，可以根据语境译作be responsible for。再如：洪水是造成一百多人死亡的原因。The floods were responsible for over a hundred deaths.
23. “出手阔绰的”可译作high-spending。
24. 本句包括几个定语，可以根据英语句子结构的特点，分别处理为前置定语和定语从句，这样句子结构严谨，符合英语的表达习惯。
25.本句中“轻轻松松的假日”宜处理为英语的后置定语，使用定语从句译出。
26.本句中“缺乏吸引眼球的景色，要看大熊猫必须呆在户外”可以根据英语多使用抽象名词使信息高度浓缩的特点，用抽象名词the lack和the need翻译“缺乏”和“必须”，否则动词太多，会使句子结构会显得松散、拖沓。
参考译文
Can China Embrace Ecotourism?
The village of Yushi is in the autonomous township of Lanping, in the southwestern Chinese province of Yunnan. The villagers all belong to the Pumi ethnic group, although many locals simply refer to them as "natives".
Yushi people are proud of their cultural traditions, and emphasize the protection of the local environment, over 90% of which is covered by forest. The residents know that if they were connected to the road network, their forests could be felled and their fragile culture could be threatened under the strain of powerful external influences. For many years they have chosen to remain isolated, hoping to build a strong and healthy community before opening to the outside world.
Government support is vital in building a strong community, but Yushi has seen no official projects or poverty alleviation work. Some of the villagers tried to set up sustainable development programs, but to no effect. Currently, the best hope is the rural credit cooperative's micro-credit scheme. However, if the villagers apply for a loan of 2000 yuan (US $253), 400 yuan(US $ 51) in interest is deducted in advance and they receive only 1600 yuan ( US $202). To repay the loan they then need to make twelve monthly payments of 180 yuan (US $ 23) . Villagers regard the loans as of little use in starting their own businesses.
Some in the village advocate a combination of planting profitable medicinal crops and long-term micro-credit loans as the solution to the village's financial problems, and calculate that raising funds of 400, 000 yuan ( US $ 50, 602 ) would allow the village to become economically self-sustaining in five years. But there could be an alternative: ecotourism.
However, the village does not yet have the facilities that tourists expect, such as clean toilets, washing facilities or internet access. Tourism experts have visited and were impressed by the unique local culture and environment. But if Yushi wants to benefit from ecotourism, then the village and its households must change to meet the demanding standards of today's tourists.
Tourism is a kind of technology that adds value to raw materials. Take a regular chicken, cook it in the local style and put it in front of a hungry tourist — and watch its value rocket. Similarly, Yushi's mountains, which were previously seen as barriers to transport and thus economic development, would become priceless if the villagers could attract the ecotourists.
Many places in Yunnan are looking for ways to protect the environment and traditional culture while also raising income - and that almost always means eco-tourism is the only option. But if conditions in the villages are not improved, many tourists will simply not come, since most city-dwelling Chinese attitudes to rural living border on outright fear. A lack of cleanliness and orderliness, mosquitoes, dubious toilets and unclear pricing mean that many areas ideal for eco-tourism cannot attract visitors.
Yunnan's first officially-recognized organic farm lies on the outskirts of the provincial capital Kunming. It has been making a loss for years, since consumers fail to differentiate its products from those of farms which use chemicals and genetically-modified plants. Similarly, tourists rarely consider the quality of their destinations; they simply look for ease of access and impressive scenery. For many, tourism is simply sightseeing - it's not about improving your life in any meaningful way.
The vast majority of Chinese people are not interested in watching nature, much less in paying for the privilege of doing so. Some are forced to in the course of government-funded research, but when the funding dries up very few continue. Enjoyment of the untamed environment is not something that comes naturally to Chinese people. We prefer to look at paintings of nature, rather than nature itself; to appreciate a wooden carving of the Buddha rather than the forest the wood grew in; and to let our children be educated about the wild in the classroom, rather than take them to experience it first-hand.
This attitude among tourists is responsible for the unusually slow growth of China's eco-tourism sector. Faced with consumers unwilling to get too close to nature, the tourist industry ignores areas like Yushi. Since only a tiny minority of Chinese people is willing to appreciate the beauty of Yushi, people often turn to high-spending foreign tourists - but this is also a hope too far. Discerning foreign tourists are also on the decline, while the number of tourists who travel simply to indulge themselves is increasing. Travelers who go abroad to learn and share experiences are being replaced by narrow-minded tourists who are only interested in consumption. Tourists are choosing the holiday that involves the least effort, and China's ecotourism sector is suffering as a result. Sichuan's Wanglang Nature Reserve is a haven for giant pandas. Since1996, Peking University professor and panda expert, Lu Zhi, has been promoting ecotourism to the area. But the lack of dramatic scenery and the need to spend time outdoors in order to see the pandas mean that Wanglang still lacks the number of visitors it deserves. The same could be the case in Yunnan. So when we complain about ecotourism operators failing to attract visitors, perhaps we should take some time to consider the visitors themselves - because if a tourist is unwilling to become an ecotourist, then any amount of careful planning and good intentions will be wasted.
练习
l. 环保组织通常坚持认为，生态旅游基于自然、可持续经营、支持资源保护，且具有环保教育意义。
2. 通常而言，生态旅游注重的是志愿活动、个人发展和学习地球上新的生存方式;典型的生态旅游是去那些主要以动植物群和文化遗产吸引游客的地方。
3. 我们应该主动采取更多的措施，提高他们的意识，引导他们关注环境问题、同时关心他们游览哪些地方。
4. 生态旅游是中国西部和其他欠发达地区发展的一个至关重要的领域。
5. 旅游业持续快速发展，对保护生物的多样性保护既提供了机遇，也造成了威胁。
6. 在旅游规划中，应该把生态旅游对当地居民的生活方式和文化产生的影响考虑进去。
7. 人类活动的增加，如伐木、农业开荒、狩猎，正在使保护地以及其周围的土地不断退化。
8. 生态旅游是高度以消费者为中心的活动，而且环境保护只是经济进一步发展的一种手段，这些常常为人们所忽视。
9. 除了旅游基础设造成环境破坏外，生态旅游带来的人口压力，也带来了与西方生活方式相关的垃圾和污染问题。
10. 随着地球的自然、相对未改变的生态系统日益稀少，生态旅游使人们看到与世隔绝的野生生物群，同时让当地经济受益。
答案
1. Environmental organizations have generally insisted that ecotourism is nature-based, sustainably managed, conservation supporting, and environmentally educated.
2. Generally speaking, ecotourism focuses on volunteering, personal growth, and learning new ways to live on the planet; typically involving travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions.
3. More initiatives should be carried out to improve their awareness, and sensitize them to environmental issues and where they visit.
4. Ecotourism is a crucial sector for the development in China's west and other underdeveloped regions.
5. The fast rate at which tourism continues to grow presents both opportunities and threats for biodiversity conservation.
6. The impact of ecotourism on local people's lifestyle and culture should be taken into account in tourism planning.
7. Increased human activities, such as logging, clearing land for agriculture, hunting, are degrading both protected areas and the land surrounding them.
8. It is often overlooked that ecotourism is a highly consumer-centered activity, and that environmental conservation is only a means to further economic growth.
9. Aside from environmental degradation with tourist infrastructure, population pressures from ecotourism also leaves behind garbage and pollution associated with the Western lifestyle.
10. As the planet's natural, relatively unaltered ecosystems become increasingly rare, ecotourism allows more people to see our isolated populations of wildlife, while benefiting local economies.
