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(一)
Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives. If you are thing of buying a dog， however， you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide. Specialists‘ advice is useful to help you choose the most suitable kind of dog. But in part the decision depends on common sense. Different dogs were originally developed to perform specific tasks. So， if you want a dog to protect you or your house， for example， you should choose the one that has the right size and characteristics. You must also be ready to devote a great deal of time to training the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs through out its life， unless you live in the countryside and can let it run freely. Dogs are demanding pets. Cats love the house and so are satisfactory with their place where it is secure， but a dog is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection. The best time to buy a baby dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its love from its mother to its master. If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old， their strong relationship will always be with dogs. They are likely to be shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.
1. Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?
A. You can always get help from the specialists.
B. It is common sense that is the most important when choosing a dog.
C. You should decide what kind of dog you want.
D. Size and characteristics of the dogs should be considered too.
2. What is mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog?
A. The color of the dog.
B. The price of the dog.
C. Whether the dog will fit the environment.
D. Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.
3. Why does the writer say a dog is a more demanding pet than a car?
A. It must be trained so that it won‘t bite.
B. It demands more food and space.
C. It needs more love and care.
D. It must be looked after carefully.
4. Why is it advised to buy a baby dog under three months old?
A. It‘s easier to buy a baby dog under three months old.
B. They are less likely to be shy with human beings.
C. They are less likely to run away.
D. It‘s esier for them to form a relationship with their masters.
5. The word “affection”(Line 11) means _____ .
A. love B. effect C. tie D. relationship
难点：
1. Be likely to do sth： 可能干某事。也可用It is likely that……
2. devote……to： to 在这里是介词，其后要接名词或相当于名词的词或词组。如：She devotes herself to teaching children.
3. demanding： 需要关爱和照顾的。
答案：
1. B
考点：这是一道判断理解题，可用排除法。
解析：从文章第二、三、五句话，我们可知，A、C、D都符合原文的说法。B说的是“在挑选狗的时候，常识性的东西最重要”。而原文第四句话却说“但是，部分决定取决于常识”，并非是最要的。所以B不符合原文，是正确的答案。
2. C
考点：这是一道细节题，可用排除法。
解析：文章建议在挑选狗时，应该考虑狗的大小，性格，是否能适应主人提供的环境，而并未提到A：狗的颜色，B：狗的性格，D：是否可以与家里其他宠物融洽相处。所以D正确。
3. C
考点：这是一道理解题。
解析：从这句话：a dog is loyal to master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection. 我们可知，狗比猫更需用爱护和照顾。所以，C是正确答案。
4. D
考点：这是一道理解题。
解析：本题问的是为什么建议在狗小于三个月时购买?原文说“狗在6周到8周大的时候，可以将它的感情从它母亲转到主人身上。如果狗在三个多月大时还不能与人产生感情，那么，他们的感情将永远是与狗一起了。他们很可能过于害羞而不能成为好的宠物。”所以：D这样更容易使狗与它的主人建立感情，是答案。
5. A
考点：这是一道词汇题。
解析：affection在这里是喜爱的意思。所以A是正确的答案。
(二)
The young people who talk of the village as being “dead” are talking nothing but nonsense， as in their hearts they must surely know. No， the village is not dead. There is more life in it now than there ever was. But it seems that “village life” is dead. Gone for ever. It began to decline about a hundred years ago. When many girls left home to go into service in town many miles away， and men also left home in increasing numbers in search of work， and home was where work was. There are still a number of people alive today who can remember what “village life” meant in the early years of the present century. It meant finding your entertainment in the village of within walking distance of it. It meant housewives tied to the home all day and every day. It meant going to bed early to save lamp-oil and coal. Then came the First World War and the Second World War. After each war， new ideas， new attitudes， new trades and occupations were revealed to villagers. The long-established order of society was no longer taken for granted. Electricity and the motorcar were steadily operating to make “village life” and “town life” almost alike. Now with the highly developed science and technology and high-level social welfare for all， there is no point whatever in talking any longer about “village life.” It is just life， and a better life. Finally， if we have any doubts about the future， or about the many changes which we have seen in our lives， we have only to look in at the school playground any mid-morning; or see the children as they walk homeward in little groups. Obviously there children are better fed， better clothed， better educated， healthier， prettier and happier than any generation of children that ever before walked the village street.
1. By saying that village is not dead， but “village life” is dead， the writer suggests that _____.
A. those young people who talk of the village as being “dead” are wrong
B. the two statements are against each other
C. “village life” today is rather uninteresting
D. “village life” today is no longer like what it used to be
2. It was _____ that “village life” began to take a sharp turn.
A. about a century ago
B. during the two world wars
C. with electricity and motorcars introduced into the village
D. only recently
3. As is suggested in paragraph 2， villagers in the past _____.
A. lived a simpler life than villagers today
B. knew fewer people than villagers today
C. found it difficult to enjoy themselves
D. liked to wash themselves with cold water
4. The expression “…… there is no point whatever in talking about ……” in paragraph 3 means that _____.
A. there is no end to the talking about ……
B. it is harmful to talk about ……
C. it is not meaningless to talk about ……
D. there is no reason for talking about ……
5. From the passage we can see that the writer‘s attitude toward “village life” is ____
A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. unclear
「难点」
1. nothing but ……： 除了， 仅仅
2. the present century： 本世纪
3. tied to the home： 被束缚在家
4. reveal： 展现，显露
5. take sth. For granted： 认为某事当然， 如，We mist not take it for granted that ……： 我们决不可想当然地认为 ……
6. social welfare： 社会福利
「答案」
1. D
考点：这是一道理解判断题。
解析：本文第二段对过去和现在的农村生活进行对比，由此得出现在的农村生活已经不再像过去的农村生活那样了。所以本题正确答案应该是D. 而不是A：那些谈论农村已经不存在的年轻人是错误的，B：农村和农村生活相反，C：今天的农村生活很乏味。
2. C
考点：这是一道细节题。
解析：本题问的是从什么时候起，农村生活有了一个转折点。从文章第三段第四句话：“电和机动车辆在拉近农村生活和城市生活的距离方面起着决定性的作用”，可知选项C 正确。
3. A
考点：这是一道判断题。
解析：第二段最后四句话讲述的是：过去的村子里的每一个人都相互了解; 不必走很远就可以娱乐;家庭主妇们每天都呆在家里;为了节省煤和灯油，人们很早就睡了。由此， 我们可知，选项A是正确答案。
4. D
考点：这是一道词汇理解题
解析：point 在这里可以理解成“有道理，有理由”所以，答案应该是D.
5. C
考点：这是一道理解判断题。
解析：作者在文章中只讲农村生活的变化，并未对农村生活进行评价，所以作者的观点是中立的。因此答案是C.
二、翻译题：
汉译英
1。如果有机会，约翰也许就已经成为一位杰出的画家了。
2。行医已经有三年零四个月了。
3。就是在那间斗室里，他们勤劳地工作着，憧憬着美好的未来。
4。怎么能为他讲的话负责呢?
5。看外表他一点也不象一个八十岁的老人。
6。很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。
7。你可曾遇见到你现在遇到的困难?
8。国庆节到了，咱们把寝室彻底打扫一下吧。
9。王教授，请您赏光来参加我们星期六的英语晚会好吗?
10.玛利过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。
11.一辆卡车驶进了积雪覆盖的操场。
12.这个村庄是以矗立在它前面的那座高山命名的。
13. 这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。
14. 会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。
15. 据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。
16. 人学习的能力似乎是无限的。
17. 几天前，由三位医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发到山区去了。
18. 就业余爱好而言，珍尼和她妹妹几乎没有什么共同之处。
19. 不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
20. 只要你不断努力，你迟早会解决这个难题的。
21. 警察要求司机把事故讲述的更详细些。
22. 彼得的数学不好，但要说到体育，他却是班上最好的。
23. 成功在于勤劳，这句话很正确。
24. 有迹象表明，不少工厂正面临着十分困难的局面。
25. 一切都表明他的计划出了毛病。
26. 我想他肯定不会迟到。
27. 他已习惯晚上11点上床睡觉。
28. 他比他姐姐小两岁，却长得高。
29. 中国是个社会主义国家也是个发展中国家。
30. 我认为他们理所当然地会赞成这个想法。
汉译英答案：
1. Given the chance， John might have become an outstanding painter.
2. It has been three years and four months to the day since she began to practice medicine.
3. It was in that small room that they worked diligently and dreamed of better days to come.
4. How can I be responsible for what he says?
5. He does not seem to be an old man in his eighties， considering his appearance.
6. It is obviously his young assistant who is running the bookstore.
7. Did you anticipate the difficulties that you are encountering today?
8. National day is round the corner. Let‘s give our bedroom a thorough clean.
9. Prof.Wang， would you do us a favor by coming to our English evening this Saturday?
10. Mary used to drink nothing but coffee.
11. A truck pulled into the snow-covered playground for the school.
12. The village is named after the high mountain that stands in front of it.
13. The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.
14. It is suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make anew constitution.
15. It is reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood.
16. There seems to be no limit to human being‘s ability to learn.
17. The medical team， composed of three doctors and two nurses， set off for the mountain area a few days ago.
18. As far as hobbies are concerned， Jane and her sister have little in common.
19. It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a countr.
20. As long as you keep on trying， you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.
21. The policeman asked the driver to describe the accident in greater detail.
22. Peter is not good at maths， but when it comes to sports， he is the best in the class.
23. It is true that success lies in diligence.
24. There are indications that numerous factories are faced with a very difficult situation.
25. Everything points to the fact that something has gone wrong with his project/plan.
26. I don‘t think he would be late.
27. He is used to going to bed at eleven in the evening.
28. He is two years younger than his sister， but he is taller than she.
29. China is a socialist country and a developing one as well.
30. I take it for granted that they would support this idea.
英译汉
A ：Figures indicate an ever-increasing crime rate， but it is only too easy to imagine"It will never happen to me"。(1) Unfortunately， statistics show that it really can happen to you and， if you live in a large city， you run twice the risk of being a victim.
B ：Research has also been done into the way people‘s behavior changes in a number of small， apparently unimportant ways when they lie.(2) It has been found that if they are sitting down at the same time， they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.(3) To the trained observer they are saying I wish I were somewhere else now.
C ：Todays‘s wealthy parents perhaps realize their riches can be more of a heavy load than a happiness to their children.(4) So the first thing for them to consider is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money.(5)
D： Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents， he is fed， looked after and loved， whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return.(6) In addition， life is always presenting new things to the child——things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his pains： He is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things， or being punished for what he has done wrong.(7)
E ：Every country tends to accept its own way of life as being the normal one and to praise or criticize others as they are similar to or different from it.(8) And unfortunately， our picture of the people and the way of life of other countries is often a distorted one.
F ：Like the press in most other countries， American newspapers range from the “sensational”， which feature crime， *** and rumor， to the serious， which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain as well as give information， for they have to compete with television. (9) As in other democratic countries American newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible， but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once bravely uncovered political scandals (丑闻) or crimes， (10) for instance， the Watergate Affair. The newspapers drew the attention of the public to the fears of the Vietnam War.
G ：Five hundred years ago， news of important happenings-battles lost and won， kings of rulers overthrown of killed-took months and even years to travel from one country to another. The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate. Today we can read in our newspapers of important events that occur in far away countries on the same day they happen. (11)
H ：Actually， the world‘s birth rate is falling. But so is death rate， as medical advances have made it possible for man to live longer than before. (12) Such advances have also reduced baby death rate. Unless population growth is reduced， the world population may reach 12 billion in a century. (13) Is the earth capable of providing a good life for so large a population?
I ：The condition most helpful to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable， they are likely to buy. Thus， it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology (心理学)。 (14)
J ：Then came the First World War and the Second World War. After each war， new ideas， new attitudes， new trades and occupations were revealed to villagers. (15) The long-established order of society was no longer taken for granted. Electricity and the motorcar were steadily operating to make “village life” and “town life” almost alike. Now with the highly developed science and technology and high-level social welfare for all， there is no point whatever in talking any longer about “village life.” (16) It is just life， and that a better life.
英译汉答案：
1. 尽管数据显示犯罪率在不断增长，但人们还是太过自信：我压根儿就不会受害。
2. 在人们说慌的时候，通过调查他们的一些明显的不重要行为方式，来研究人们说慌时的行为变化。
3. 调查发现他们在同一时间坐着时要比平时爱在椅子上挪动。
4. 现在富裕的父母们也许意识到他们的财富对于孩子来说有相当程度的负作用。
5. 因此他们首要考虑的是确保家人在精神上与其物质生活一样地富有。
6. 孩子在以后的生活中被给予这么多而不做以任何回报是不可能的。
7. 但是小孩子也有他自己的苦恼： 不能自由地做自己想要做的事儿，而大人还总是告诉他不要做什么，甚至做错事儿了还要受批评。
8. 每个国家人们习惯于从自身出发，来赞赏与自己生活方式相近的国家，而批驳生活习惯与之不同的国家。
9. 通常，美国报纸试图使其娱乐与新闻做得一样好，因为他们不得不与电视相竞争。
10. 但是美国报纸一般还是被认可的，因为它一方面很好的为政府服务，另一方面它也不止一次地勇敢地揭露政府丑闻或犯罪。
11.现在我们能够通过报纸读到当天发生在遥远的国家的重要事情。
12.实事上，世界人口的出生率正在下降。而死亡率也是如此，这是因为先进的医药条件为人们能够延长寿命提供了可能。
13.除非人口增长下降，否则一个世纪内世界人口将达到120亿。
14.因此，在正确理解消费者心理的基础之上出现了维护稳定价格的商务政策。
15.每次世界大战之后，新的思想，新的看法，新的商业和职业都展现给老百姓。
16.随着科学技术的高端发展以及面向所有社会成员的高福利政策的实施，现再谈论“农村生活”已变得毫无意义了。
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