2014年职称英语考试理工类C级模拟题:阅读理解

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　　第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第一篇

　　Eiffel Is an Eyeful

　　Some 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower's wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble. Japanese, Brazilians. Americans-they graffiti their names, loves and politics on the cold iron-transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move.

　　With Pairs laid out in miniature below, it seems strange that visitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view. But the graffiti also raises a question: Why, nearly 114 years after it was completed, and decades after it ceased to be the world's tallest structure, is the Tour Eiffel still so popular?

　　The reasons are as complex as the iron work that graces a structure some 90 stories high. But part of the answer is, no doubt, its agelessness, regularly maintained, it should never rust away. Graffiti is regularly painted over, but the tower lives on.

　　“Eiffel represents Paris and Paris is France. It is very symbolic,” says Hugues Richard, a 31-year-old Frenchman who holds the record for cycling up to the tower's second floor-747 steps in 19 minutes and 4 seconds, without touching the floor with his feet. “It's iron lady, it inspires us,” he says.

　　But to what? After all, the tower doesn't have a purpose. It ceased to be the world's tallest in 1930 when the Chrysler Building went up in New York. Yes, television and radio signals are beamed from the top, and Gustave Eiffel, a frenetic builder who died on December 27, aged 91, used its height for conducting research into weather, aerodynamics and radio communication.

　　But in essence the tower inspires simply by being there-a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will. To the technically minded, it's an engineering triumph. For lovers, it's romantic.

　　“The tower will outlast all of us, and by a long way,” says Isabelle Esnous, whose company　manages Eiffel Tower.

　　31　Why does the author think the Eiffel Tower is transformed into symbol of a world of the move? ____________

　　A　Tourists from all over the world come to the Eiffel Tower by car or by plane.

　　B　Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower.

　　C　The Eiffel Tower is the tallest building in the world.

　　D　The Eiffel Tower represents all the towers in the world.

　　32　What seems strange to the author? ____________

　　A　Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view.

　　B　Visitors spends much time watching other people scribbling.

　　C　Only Japanese, Brazilians and Americans like to mark their presence.

　　D　Scribbling spread from country to country.

　　33　Which statements is NOT true of Hugues Richard? ____________

　　A　He is a cyclist.

　　B　He is a record holder.

　　C　He climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19 minutes and 4 seconds.

　　D　He cycled up to the tower's second floor.

　　34　What did the builder use the Eiffel Tower for? ____________

　　A　Sending radio and television signals all over the world.

　　B　Conducting research in various fields.

　　C　Giving people inspiration.

　　D　Demonstrating French culture.

　　35 　Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “(The Eiffel Tower is like) a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will”?____________

　　A　Visitors can do whatever they want on the tower.

　　B　Visitors can paint on the tower whatever they want.

　　C　Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.

　　D　Visitors can draw on a blank canvas provided by the Tower management company.

　　第二篇

　　Investment and Consumption

　　Investment in the public sector, such as electricity, irrigation, public services and transport (excluding vehicles, ships and planes) increased by about 10%, although the emphasis moved to the transport and away from the other sectors mentioned. Trade and services recorded a 16 % ～17 % investment growth, including a 30 % increase in investment in business premises. Industrial investment is estimated to have risen by 8%. Although the share of agriculture in total gross investment in the economy continued to decline, investment grew by 9 % in absolute equipment. Housing construction had 12% more invested in it in 1964, not so much owing to increased demand, as to fears of new taxes and limitation of building.

　　Total consumption in real terms rose by close on 11% during 1964, and per capita personal consumption by under 7 %, as in 1963. The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption, evident in previous years, remained unaltered. Since at current prices consumption rose by 16 % and disposable income by 13 %, there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy. Once again consumption patterns indicated a swift advance in the standard of living. Expenditure on food declined in significance, although consumption of fruit increased. Spending on furniture and household equipment, health, education and recreation continued to increase. The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport (including private cars) and personal services of all kinds, which occurred during 1964. The progressive wealth of large sectors of the public was demonstrated by the changing composition of durable goods purchased. Saturation (饱和) point was rapidly being approached for items such as the first household radio, gas cookers, and electric refrigerators, whereas increasing purchases of automobiles and television sets were registered.

　　36　From this passage, we learn that people ____________.

　　A　spent more money than they earned

　　B　saved more money than previously

　　C　invested and consumed at an accelerated pace

　　D　spent their money wisely

　　37　The author thinks that the trend towards a rapid rise in consumption was “undesirable”because ____________.

　　A　expenditure on luxuries increased

　　B　people were wealthy

　　C　people consumed less

　　D　people saved less

　　38　Expenditure increased on all the following EXCEPT ____________.

　　A　food

　　B　automobiles

　　C　education

　　D　entertainment

　　39　It can be inferred from the increase of fruit consumption that ___________.

　　A　people had to spend more on transportation and furniture

　　B　the price of fruit dropped dramatically

　　C　people were more money conscious

　　D　people were more healthy conscious

　　40　The word "registered" in the last line most probably means ____________.

　　A　marked

　　B　approached

　　C　listed

　　D　booked

　　第三篇

　　The Effects of Global Warming on Weather

　　There are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms”. No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate. Here's one example: plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation (植物) may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometres a year―faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die. The 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Canada, the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming.

　　There are dozens of other possible “feedback mechanism”. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others, like the “albedo” effect, will do the opposite. The “albedo” effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earth's surface. As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes (戳) through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase.

　　Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply make the problem worse. The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are. In developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels.

　　Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 percent of all the world's energy is consumed by a quarter of the world's population. The average rich-world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen. The US, with just seven per cent of the global population, is responsible for 22 per cent of global warming.

　　41　“Feedback mechanisms” in paragraph 1 most probably refer to ____________.

　　A　how plants and animals adapt to hidden factors

　　B　how plants and animals interact with the changing climate

　　C　how climate changes

　　D　how climate zones shift

　　42　We can learn from the passage that ____________.

　　A　some feedback mechanisms may slow down global warming

　　B　the basic facts of global warming are unknown

　　C　developing countries benefit from cheap fossil fuels

　　D　developed countries have decided to reduce their energy consumption

　　43　James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by ____________.

　　A　the cutting of many trees

　　B　desirable environmental changes

　　C　successful migration of species

　　D　unsuccessful migration of trees

　　44　It can be inferred from the passage that ____________.

　　A　the developing world has decided to increase its energy consumption

　　B　a third-world citizen adds less than a ton of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere

　　C　the world climate would soon gain its balance if we stopped greenhouse gas emissions

　　D　future prosperity of the world is dependent on cheap fossil fuels

　　45　Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? ____________

　　A　Impact of global warming on climate.

　　B　Prosperity and cheap fossil fuels.

　　C　Material progress and energy consumption.

　　D　Plants and animals in the changing climate.

　　参考答案：

　　31　B第一段提供了答案。

　　32　A第二段第一句中的句型would rather do something than do something else，也可以用prefer doing something to doing something else的句型来表达。所以，A是正确答案。

　　33　C第四段告诉我们，Hugues Richard蹬车上塔，打破世界纪录。C不是正确选项，因为他cycling up to the tower’s second floor，而不是climbing up the tower。

　　34　B选项A不是正确选项，因为Gustave Eiffel没有也不可能使用该塔向全世界发射电视信号。第五段的最后一句提供了答案。

　　35　C第六段的大意是：对不同的人，埃菲尔铁塔有不同的象征意义。

　　36　C从本篇文章可以得知：A人们支出大于收入;B人们比以前更节约用钱了;C人们的投资和消费在加速增长;D人们花钱更精明了。

　　37　C作者认为消费的快速增长是“不良”的原因是：A奢侈品的消费增加了;B人们富有了;C人们消费减少了;D人们储蓄减少了。

　　38　A下列消费都有所增加，只有什么没增加?A食物;B汽车;C教育;D娱乐。

　　39　D由水果消费的增长可以推断出：A人们不得不在交通工具和家具上花更多的钱;B水果的价格大大降低;C人们更加重视金钱了;D人们更加重视健康了。

　　40　A文章最后一行中的“registered”的意思是：A明显的;B接近;C列举;D预定。

　　41　B第一段中的“feedback mechanisms”的意思最可能是：A动植物是如何适应隐蔽因素的;B动植物是如何与不断变化的气候相互作用的;C气候是如何变化的;D气候带是如何迁移的。

　　42　A从文章中我们可以得知：A某些反馈机制可能减缓全球变暖的速度;B全球变暖的基本事实还不为人所知;C发展中国家从廉价的矿物燃料中获益;D发达国家打算降低能耗。

　　43　D预测气候带的迁移将由下列哪一项伴随进行?A许多树木被砍伐;B有利的环境变化;C物种的成功迁移;D树木的不成功迁移。

　　44　B从文章可以推断出：A发展中国家打算增加能源的消耗;B第三世界每年向大气层释放的二氧化碳，人均不超过一吨;C如果我们停止排放引起温室效应的废气，全球的气候就会获得平衡;D未来世界的繁荣靠廉价的矿物能源。

　　45　A本篇文章的主题是：A全球变暖给气候带来的影响;B繁荣与廉价的矿物能源;C物质进步与能源消耗;D气候变化过程中的动植物。