预约成功
Xu Xuejiang, the man who blew the whistle on the death toll from the Tangshan earthquake 30 years ago, recently recounted how he broke his silence to reveal that the quake had claimed 240,000 lives, a figure that had kept secret for three years.
The Tangshan earthquake, which devastated north China's Hebei Province in 1976, was an event surrounded by speculation, guesswork and rumors because no official information about what had actually happened or casualties sustained was made available.

Xu considers his experience is still relevant to today's China, which has just drafted a law targeting local officials guilty of cover-ups and media that give incorrect information about disasters, accidents and other emergencies.
In November 1979, Xu, then a reporter with Xinhua News Agency and later deputy chief editor, inadvertently got wind of details about the earthquake at the inaugural meeting of China's Seismological Society held in Dalian, a port city in northeast China's Liaoning Province.
It was the first time that official figures from the Tangshan earthquake were made available. "It was a big story that the country and the world had long been waiting for. I felt I had to use every possible means to bring it to the public," Xu said.
He quickly wrote a story and submitted it to the meeting's general secretary, then an official with the State Seismological Bureau, for further verification.
But some persuasion on his part was necessary: "The earthquake happened more than three years ago. There has been too much hearsay because no official statistics have yet been released. The Hong Kong media even claimed that the death toll was over 700,000. It's better to tell the truth rather than cover things up," Xu said to the general secretary.
"This meeting is a good opportunity. If the news comes from a conference on seismology, it looks more natural than an abrupt official announcement and means that no explanation about the three-year postponement is needed," Xu wheedled.
Xu had to further convince the official that time was of the essence: "It must be published today, and will lose a lot of impact if delayed."
"It's not a man-made disaster, and the deaths have no direct relation with the government," Xu insisted.
The general secretary, finally convinced, did not seek instructions from higher-level officials and approved the story for publication by Xinhua.
The story shocked the country and generated sharp criticism. Some government departments argued that Xinhua ought not to have "divulged a state secret." Xinhua, however, firmly supported Xu's decision to report the story.
Xu said that, on the 30th anniversary of the earthquake, it is worth looking back at this unusual experience.
"I hope that both the government and the media will learn a lesson from this and further improve coverage of major natural disasters and other emergencies," he said.
Reporting deaths from natural calamities used to be taboo for government officials. Analysts believe that during the planned economy period from the early 1950s to the late 1970s, the government feared that exposing death figures might tarnish its image, draw blame from the public, or trigger social turmoil.
But the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and in particular the sacking of the mayor of Bejing and Minister of Health for covering up the death toll during the crisis, has prompted the government to become more transparent.
Last September, the National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets and the Ministry of Civil Affairs jointly declared that death tolls in natural disasters and related information were no longer state secrets.
"Society is progressing," Xu said, adding that the government has now established "openness", "transparency" and "people first" as its new principles of governance.
地震概述
1976年7月28日03点42分在唐山发生了7.6级地震。当天18点45分又在滦县发生了7. 1级地震,同年11月15日宁河发生了6. 9级地震,主震后的余震更加加重了地震灾害。唐山地震无明显前震,余震持续时间长,衰减过程起伏大,余震活动历经二十余年未平息,至今仍有4级左右地震发生。
唐山大地震是20世纪十大自然灾害之一。1976年7月28日凌晨3时42分,在河北省唐山市发生7.6级强烈地震,震中烈度高达Ⅺ度。同日18时45分,又在距唐山40余km的滦县商家林发生 7.1级地震。震中烈度为Ⅸ度。这次地震发生在工业城市,人口稠密,损失十分严重。唐山市区建筑物多数基本倒平或严重破坏,铁轨发生蛇形扭曲,地表发生大量裂缝,还有喷水冒沙、塌陷,震前伴有发光现象。24.2多万人人死亡,16.4万人受伤。邻近的天津也遭到Ⅷ~Ⅸ度的破坏。有感范围波及重庆等14个省、市、区,破坏范围半径约250千米。震源物理的研究表明,该震的震源错动过程较复杂。
强烈的地震使交通中断,通讯瘫痪,城市停水、停电,抢修通讯、供水、供电、恢复交通等生命。
人类将永远铭记历史的这个时刻:公元1976年7月28日,北京时间凌晨3时42分53点8秒。
唐山市地下的岩石突然崩溃了!断裂了!仿佛四百枚广岛原子弹在距地面十六公里处的地壳中猛然爆炸!
唐山上空电光闪闪,惊雷震荡;大地上狂风呼啸。在强烈的摇撼中,这座百万人口的工业城市在顷刻间夷为平地。
整个华北大地在剧烈震颤。
天津市发出房倒屋塌的巨响,正在该市访问的澳大利亚总理被惊醒;北京市在摇晃不止,人民英雄纪念碑在颤动,天安门城楼上粗大的梁柱发出断裂般“嘎嘎”的响声。
在华夏大地,北至哈尔滨,南至清江一线,西至吴忠一线,东至渤海湾岛屿和东北国境线,这一广大地区的人们都感到异乎寻常的摇撼。强大的地震波,以人们感觉不到的速度和方式传遍整个地球。
唐山地震是世界上发生在城市内的强破坏性地震之一。那天日历的颜色无疑是沉重的黑色,酣睡的人们不知道他们中的许多再也看不到清晨的日出,唐山市转眼间变成一片废墟,据统计,此次地震极震区地面建筑几乎全部倒塌,直接经济损失据不完全统计达100亿元。242419人丧生,重伤16.4万多人,15886户家庭解体,7000多家庭断门绝烟,3817人成为截瘫患者,25061人肢体残废,遗留下孤寡老人3675位,孤儿4204人,数十万和平居民转眼变成失去家园的难民。
唐山地震发生后,中共中央、国务院当日向灾区发出了慰问电,并派出了以华国锋总理为团长,陈永贵、乌兰夫、郭玉峰、范子瑜、张才千、黄玉昆、张宗逊、杨俊生、谢静宜、解学恭、许诚、刘子厚、马辉为副团长的中央慰问团,深入灾区进行慰问。
唐山地震发生在城市集中、工业发达的京、津、唐地区,震级大,灾害严重。党中央、国务院决定实施国家级救灾。成立各级指挥部,以解放军为主体对口支援,有组织地进行自救、互救活动。十余万解放军官兵紧急奔赴灾区救援;全国各地5万名医护人员和干部群众紧急集中,救死扶伤和运送救灾物资;10万名危重伤员由专机、专列紧急疏散转移到11个省市治疗。
强烈的地震使交通中断,通讯瘫痪,城市停水、停电,抢修通讯、供水、供电、恢复交通等生命线工程是唐山救灾的最紧迫的任务之一。中央据此迅速布置了各专业系统对口包干支援的任务。邮电、铁道、交通、电力、市政建设等部门立即行动,保证了上述系统工程恢复和重建的顺利进行。地震时正值盛夏,天气炎热,阴雨连绵,人畜尸体迅速腐烂,疫情非常严峻,防疫工作采取突击治疗、控制疫病传染源、改善环境、消除病菌传染媒介、预防接种、提高人员抵抗力的综合措施,实行军民结合、专群结合、土洋并举的办法,把疫病消灭在发生之前,从而创造了灾后无大疫的奇迹。
震后,国家用于唐山恢复建设的总投资为43.57亿元。历经7年的建设,唐山建成一座功能分区明确、布局比较合理,市政建设比较配套,抗震性能良好生产、生活方便,环境比较优美的新型城市。震后的建筑物均达到了八度设防,“唐山是世界上最安全的城市”。
2005年,唐山市国民生产总值达到2027.12亿元,人均GDP2.8万元,全部财政收入226.46亿元,均居河北省首位。全市城镇居民人均可支配收入和农民人均纯收入分别达到10488元和4582元,人民生活总体达到小康水平。
唐山大地震:不肯泯灭的记忆
7月28日纪念唐山大地震30周年 唐山大地震记录片下载
1976年7月28日 “7?28”唐山大地震
历史将永远铭记着这一时刻:公元1976年7月28日,北京时间3时42分53.8秒。
夜幕笼罩下的唐山市,万籁俱寂。陡然,一道蓝光刺破夜空,紧接着,天穹旋转,大地抖动。街道、铁路、楼房,在强烈的摇撼之中错位、变形,倒塌.,这就是震惊中外的“7?28”唐山大地震。
23秒钟内,一座年产值约占全国百分之一,拥有百万人口的华北著名的工业城市,被夷为平地,变成一片废墟,唐山市发生了历史上最大的惨剧,整个华北大地在剧烈震颤。
天津市发出房屋倒塌的巨响。正在该市访问的澳大利亚总理惠特拉姆被惊醒了,他所居住的宾馆出现了可怕的裂缝。北京也摇晃不止,许多房屋倒塌。在华夏大地上,北至哈尔滨市,南至安徽蚌埠、江苏清江一线,西至内蒙磴口、宁夏吴忠一线,东至渤海岛屿和东北国境线,都受到了唐山大地震的影响。
这次大地震震级为MS7.8级,使唐山人民蒙受了巨大灾难:24万人死亡;上万个家庭解体;97%的地面建筑、55%的生产设备毁坏;交通、供水、供电、通讯全部中断,直接经济损失人民币30亿元。当时西方曾有过这样的报道:“唐山将从此在中国的地图上抹掉了。”地震发生后,党中央、国务院对灾区人民十分关怀,立即组织大批人力、物力星夜赶往灾区救援,大批医药、食品、衣物、建筑材料等救灾物资从祖国的四面八方源源不断运往灾区,伤病员和老人儿童很快得到了妥善的安置。
这场劫难使世界各国地震、抗震、救灾老师受到震动,更加感到自己责任的重大。1980年以来,已经有一百多批地震、抗震、救灾老师从世界各地来到唐山地震现场,进行研究考察,决心从这场惨痛的浩劫中吸取教训,总结经验,研究对策。为地震科学的发展,为减轻地震灾害,为人类幸福,做出不懈的努力。
1986年7月28日,唐山地震陈列馆建成开放。唐山地震陈列馆是我国第一个收藏陈列地震资料、实物,宣传普及地震科学知识、防震救灾知识,进行地震科学研究的地震专业陈列馆。馆内陈列以大量的图表、数字介绍了唐山地震的基本情况;以非常珍贵的震时照片介绍了地震所造成的破坏情况。这些珍贵的照片,把那场史无前例的抗震救灾斗争,活生生地展现在观众面前,使观众在参观后对唐山地震有了全面了解,并且从中受到教育。
1986年7月28日,唐山市召开纪念唐山抗震10周年大会,河北省省长解峰宣布:唐山的恢复和建设已基本完成,开始跨入“10年振兴”的新阶段。1976年7月28日,一场大地震将百万人口的工业城市唐山变成一片废墟。经过10年重建,一座新唐山从废墟上崛起。10年来,新建房屋1800万平方米,全市人均居住面积7平方米以上。1985年工农业总产值达783000多万元,比10年前增长一倍多。
唐山大地震纪实片
影片《唐山大地震》收录了大量中央新闻纪录电影制片厂、八一电影制片厂以及中央电视台抗震队在当
年拍摄的真实而惨烈的场景,通过对当年幸存者的访问,在生者与亡者的心灵之间进行对话,在现实与历史之间寻求沟通。片中不少资料是首次向世人公布。影片还从科学的角度讲述了地震的原因和性质,介绍了大量防震抗震的知识。